News

We are happy to announce that we are releasing a free decryption tool for the Mapo (a GarrantyDecrypt/Outsider variant) ransomware today. Read more

Yo dawg, I heard you like droppers so I put a dropper in your dropper

On 2019-11-18 we received a report that some of Polish users have began receiving malspam imitating DHL:

In this short article, we’ll take a look at the xls document that has been used as a (1st stage) dropper distributing another well-known (2nd stage) dropper – brushaloader.

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Call for Speakers for SECURE 2019 is now open. If you have an interesting topic and would like to share your ideas with a crowd of Polish and international IT security specialists, please consider submitting your proposal. You will find all applicable information below.

SECURE 2019 will be held on October 22-23, 2019 in Warsaw, Poland. This annual conference is dedicated entirely to IT security and addressed to administrators, security team members and practitioners in this field. SECURE’s unique feature is the organisers’ commitment to providing participants with reliable information about everything that is current and meaningful in IT security. A high professional level of the talks is ensured by CERT Polska during the paper selection process. Particular emphasis is on practical solutions, analysis of the current threats, latest trends in countering threats as well as important legal issues. Participants have an opportunity to gain the latest knowledge, improve their qualifications and exchange experience with experts.

Impersonating online payment service providers was the most popular attack scenario used for targeting e-banking users over the last year. The evolution of malware (increasingly affecting mobile devices and Internet of Things) still remains a challenge for IT security professionals. Another observed trend is usage of previously unknown 0-day vulnerabilities by APT groups. The VPNFilter case shows that advanced attacks can also affect an ordinary user. The question arises, how to take care of privacy and security in the face of above? We will try to find the answer to these and many more questions during SECURE 2019.

If you want to share your experience in these topics, or if you are an expert in one of the areas below, this Call for Speakers is for you.

SECURE 2019 will be held on October 22-23, 2019 in Warsaw, Poland. The conference topics will be roughly grouped in the following tracks:

• technical – practical aspects of implementation and integration of security solutions
• organisational – new trends in attacks, threats and their mitigation
• legal

Presentation topics

We are looking for speakers willing to deliver a talk covering one or more of the following subjects:

• malware evolution and analysis, including viruses, worms and botnets
• network monitoring and intrusion detection
•  innovatory honeypot and sandbox applications
•  APTs
•  security of SCADA/ICS
•  security of smartphones and other mobile systems
•  security events visualisation
•  early warning against network threats
•  incident handling
•  standards for security incident data exchange
•  DDoS attacks and their mitigation
•  efficiency of methods for mitigation of new attack vectors
•  open source security tools
•  protection of online identity
•  IoT security
•  hardware security
•  privacy, confidentiality and anonymity
•  hardware security
•  chain-supply security
•  securing the human
•  Polish and European law in regards to computer and information security
•  law enforcement actions in regards to cybercrime mitigation
•  research projects in the area of computer and information security

Important facts

• proposals for presentations must be submitted only via EasyChair: https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=secure2019
• proposals should include at least a title, short abstract, name and bio of the speaker
• any questions regarding the submission and selection process should be directed to [email protected]
• time for presentation: 45 minutes, including Q&A
• commercial presentations will not be accepted
• all materials should be submitted in one of the following formats: OpenOffice, Microsoft Office, PDF
• slides of presentations will be made available to all participants in an electronic version as well as video recordings where possible, unless strictly prohibited by the speaker
• authors of accepted proposals will receive full conference package (workshops not inclusive), but they are responsible for their travel and accommodation

Important dates

• proposals submission until: July 22, 2019
• acceptance notice by: August 12, 2019
• presentation submission by: October 14, 2019

Lightning talks

We encourage participants of SECURE to share their thoughts. One of the conference blocks will include lightning talks, allowing everyone to talk briefly about their projects, works, ideas or problems. Everything goes, as long as it touches IT security.

Important facts about lightning talks

• maximum time for a talk is 5 minutes and total time for all talks will be limited
• application for a lightning talk can be submitted at any time after you have registered for the conference or during the conference
• the organisers reserve the right to accept or refuse any lightning talk application

Publication of our annual report is coming soon. Editing is moving forward at full speed, but in the meantime we’d like to share some statistics concerning 2018. This statistics provide a big bicture of an IT security landscape in Poland and as well conclusions about major trends in this area. For many years already CERT Polska has incorporated eCSIRT.net incident classification (now, the sixth version marked as mkVI)¹, which defines pretty well different incident categories.

In 2018 operators of CERT Polska received 19439 incident reports. We carefully analyzed and categorized all of them. Among these reports, 5675 were the reason to register incident. Our team created 3739 security incidents, what gives on the average over 10 incidents created daily. The remaining a dozen or so reports not assigned to any incident were irrelevant or can be considered as automatic alerts sent from several alerting systems. In case of the latter our activities were connected with supplying our n6 platform² and other analytic tools as well.

Often, one incident can be connected with many incident reports, e.g. three different entities report the same phishing site.

In the table below we present incidents handled by our team, divided into categories according to eCSIRT.net classification.

Category	Incidents	%
Abusive Content	431	11,53
Spam	419	11,21
Harmful Speech	5	0,13
Child/Sexual/Violence/…	0	0
Unclassified	7	0,19
Malicious Code	862	23,05
Virus	4	0,11
Worm	0	0
Trojan	117	3,13
Spyware	0	0
Dialer	1	0,03
Rootkit	1	0,03
Unclassified	739	19,76
Information Gathering	101	2,7
Scanning	80	2,14
Sniffing	1	0,03
Social Engineering	7	0,19
Unclassified	13	0,35
Intrusion Attempts	153	4,09
Exploiting of known Vulnerabilities	30	0,8
Login attempts	37	0,99
New attack signature	0	0
Unclassified	86	2,3
Intrusions	125	3,34
Privileged Account Compromise	11	0,29
Unprivileged Account Compromise	21	0,56
Application Compromise	35	0,94
Bot	4	0,11
Unclassified	54	1,44
Availability	49	1,31
DoS	7	0,19
DDoS	35	0,94
Sabotage	0	0
Outage (no malice)	1	0,03
Unclassified	6	0,16
Information Content Security	46	1,23
Unauthorised access to information	21	0,56
Unauthorised modification of information	13	0,35
Unclassified	12	0,32
Fraud	1878	50,23
Unauthorized use of resources	1	0,03
Copyright	8	0,21
Masquerade	43	1,15
Phishing	1655	44,26
Unclassified	171	4,57
Vulnerable	69	1,85
Open for abuse	14	0,37
Unclassified	55	1,47
Other	25	0,67

Table 1. Incidents handled by CERT Polska, divided into eCSIRT.net categories

 

In 2018 CERT Polska created 17,5% more incidents comparing to 2017. Most of them were categorized as phishing, malware or spam. According to the data from 2017 we observed slight change on the podium in that infamous ranking, because then the first three places went as follows: phishing, malware, intrusions. Proportion of phishing incidents remained on similar level comparing to 2017 and reached 44%, which was firmly dominant result above remaining categories. Most popular scenarios were connected with phishings on foreign servers targeting Polish financial institutions (mostly banks). Another popular scenarios were related to phishings targeting services like Netflix or PayPal served from compromised Polish servers. Leading theme behind those attacks was premium users’ credentials theft or simply stealing money from internet bank account. Many scenarios concerned also selling goods on advertisement websites at the attractive prices. Main objective of these operations was to persuade users to enter sensitive data on fake websites, impersonating online payment platforms like Dotpay or PayU.

 

 

In 2018 we also observed fake online shops business, which has been visibly developed by some actors. In last year number of incidents related to fake online shops tripled, comparing to 2017. At this point, we’d like to thank all users aware of this kind of threat, who report about such activities more often and more eagerly every year. Attackers tried to find as many victims as possible, e.g. by advertising their shops in social media and popular search engines, where they were optimizing their shops’ position on the list of search results.

 

 

The second most popular category of incidents was malware. It’s a broad category with many subcategories, but usually we marked incidents related to malware as “unclassified”. Firstly, because in many scenarios more than one malware family was used, incorporating variety of methods and attack techniques. Secondly, we registered significant number of incidents concerning ransomware, which unfortunately don’t have its own category in eCSIRT.net classification. In that aspect the classification isn’t perfect yet, but we hope that in the next revision it will be updated.

A vast number of malware incident reports was related to attacks on Polish users. Popular scenarios concerning emails with fake invoice, delivery details or claim for payment (or additional payment) continued spreading in different versions. These emails usually contained malicious attachment as a script, document with macros or link leading to some website distributing malware (e.g. banker or mobile banker app, depending on User-Agent HTTP header).

 

 

This year for the first time we publish classification of incidents divided into Polish economy sectors. You can find detailed information in the table below. At a glance significant number of incidents is marked as Other (3 out of 4 incidents were classified to this category). These were mostly incidents concerning individuals or private entities. Next places in the classification belong to banking sector and public administration. Total number of the latter was little, comparing to the Other category. We are aware that presented classification is far from ideal. However, we had created this classification before CERT Polska has been designated as one of the three national-level CSIRTs under National Cybersecurity System law. Now, when the law is in force, we’ll be able to specify categories of this classification to reflect security of different economy sectors in a better way.

Sector	Incidents	%
IT infrastructure	29	0,78
Public health care	13	0,35
Banking	643	17,2
Other financial institutions	62	1,66
Energy industry	20	0,53
Transport	51	1,36
Public administration	85	2,27
Water supply	2	0,05
Other	2834	75,8
Total	3739	100

Table 2. Incidents handled by CERT Polska divided into Polish economy sectors

 

More conclusions you’ll find in our annual report (coming soon). You’re warmly welcomed to follow CERT Polska’s blog and our profiles in social media to be up-to-date with latest news concerning publication of our report.

During last year we have collaborated with Hatching.io on improving the open source Cuckoo Sandbox. The main works were focused on porting advanced mechanisms for memory analysis which were developed internally by our team in the previous years. The public release of the onemon marks the last stage of this collaboration. We are proud that results of this work are now available to the security community.
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TrickBot (TrickLoader) is a modular financial malware that first surfaced in October in 2016¹. Almost immediately researchers have noticed similarities with a credential-stealer called Dyre. It is still believed that those two families might’ve been developed by the same actor.

But in this article we will not focus on the core itself but rather the loader whose job is to decrypt the payload and execute it.
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CERT Polska has observed an interesting phishing technique used in attack against users of a popular Polish content aggregator. We have also noticed the emergence of a new tool called “Modlishka” whose purpose is to simplify and automate phishing attacks. In this article, we describe the way these highly-automated attacks work and present our recommendations for creators of websites for defending about them.Read more

Analysis of current threats is one of the most common challenges facing almost any organization dealing with cybersecurity. From year to year, it also becomes a harder nut to crack, being undoubtedly influenced by the growing scale of activities undertaken by criminals and the degree of their advancement. In the face of this situation, efficient exchange of information between researchers is a key issue.
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Smoke Loader (also known as Dofoil) is a relatively small, modular bot that is mainly used to drop various malware families.

Even though it’s designed to drop other malware, it has some pretty hefty malware-like capabilities on its own.

Despite being quite old, it’s still going strong, recently being dropped from RigEK and MalSpam campaigns.

In this article we’ll see how Smoke Loader unpacks itself and interacts with the C2 server.

 

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CTF competitions often turn out to be a great amusement, but they also play a very important role in training of IT security specialists. Such kinds of challenges are challenging both to contestants and organizers. This article will describe organizational aspects related to such competitions, taking European Cyber Security Challenge 2018 qualifications as an example.

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